Methane (CH₄) is a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential over 30 times greater than carbon dioxide over a 100-year period. Its relatively short atmospheric lifetime means that reducing methane emissions can have rapid effects on slowing global warming.
Major sources of methane include coal mining (≈52%), oil and gas operations (≈17%), enteric fermentation and manure from livestock (≈13%), and landfills/waste (≈15%). Methane also contributes to ground-level ozone formation, which affects human health and agriculture.
While natural gas emits less CO₂ than coal when burned, methane leaks during production and transport can make its climate impact comparable to coal. Studies suggest that 40–50% of methane emissions from the oil and gas sector could be reduced at relatively low cost.
